• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An iron-based shape-memory alloy excellent in a shape-memory property, a corrosion resistance and a high-temperature oxidation resistance, consisting essentially of: <TABLE> at least one element selected from the group consisting of: <TABLE> where, Ni + 0.05 Mn + 0.4 Co + 0.06 Cu + 0.002 N >/= 0.67 (Cr + 1.2 Si) - 3, and the balance being iron and incidental impurities. p
    公开号:SU1741611A3
    申请号:SU894613661
    申请日:1989-03-16
    公开日:1992-06-15
    发明作者:Мория Ютака；Санпеи Тетсуя；Тагава Хисатоси
    申请人:Нкк Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to alloys based on iron with a memory effect shape.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the corrosion resistance and heat resistance while maintaining the level of recoverable deformation of at least 70%.
    The alloy includes, wt.% Chromium 5.0-20.0: silicon 2.0-8.0, at least one element from the group, May%. manganese 0.1-14.8, nickel 0.1-20.0; cobalt 0.1–30.0 copper, 1–3.0. nitrogen 0.001-0.400, with Ni + 0.5 Mi + + 0.4 Mo + 0.06 Cu + 0.002N 0.67 (Cr + + 1.2 Si), and the rest is iron.
    When a certain amount of chromium is added to the alloy, it is possible to reduce the energy of austenite packing defects, to increase the yield strength of austenite and to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy and the oxidation of the alloy at high temperatures.
    With the addition of silicon to the alloy in a certain amount, it is possible to reduce the energy of austenite package accumulation and to improve the resistance of the alloy to oxidation at high temperatures.
    When at least one element is added to the alloy, for example, manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper or nitrogen, it can be set in a given amount so that the initial phase of the alloy prior to exposing the alloy to plastic deformation consists exclusively of susustite or mainly austenite and a small amount of f martensite
    By limiting, within certain limits, the ratios of total manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, and / or nitrogen, which are the elements forming austenite, and the total chromium and / or silicon, which are the elements that form ferrite, it is possible to make the initial phase alloy, before the alloy was subjected to plastic deformation, contained only austenite
    (/
    with
    Vj
    s
    with
    or mainly austenite and a small amount of K-martensite.
    The present invention is based on the indicated results and the iron-based alloy with EZF has a high corrosion resistance and heat resistance and contains, in wt.%: Chromium 5.0-20.0, silicon 2.0-8.0, at least one an element selected from the group comprising:% by weight: manganese 0.1-14.8, nickel 0.1-20.0, cobalt 0.1-30.0, copper 0.1-3.0 and nitrogen 0.001 -0.400, where: Ni + 0.5 Mn + 0.4 Co + 0.06 Cu + 0.002 N 0.67 (Cr + 1.2 Si) - 3, the rest is iron and incidental impurities.
    Chromium performs the function of reducing the energy of austenite packing defects and improves corrosion resistance and alloy resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. In addition, chromium has another function, namely improving the yield strength of austenite. However, with a chromium content above 5.0 wt.%, The desired effect cannot be achieved. On the other hand, chromium content in excess of 20.0 wt.% Is not allowed for subsequent reasons. Since chromium is a ferrite element, an elevated chromium content prevents the formation of austenite. Therefore, to form austenite, at least one element from the group: manganese, nickel, cobalt and nitrogen, which are austenite forming elements, is added to the alloy. The mentioned austenite-forming elements must also be added in large quantities for increased chromium content. However, the addition of a large amount of austenite-forming elements is not feasible from an economic point of view. In addition, an elevated chromium content tends to cause a simpler d-phase formation in the alloy. For these reasons, when the chromium content is more than 20.0 wt.%, The need for a high content of austenitic-forming elements leads to economic losses, and the formation of the d-phase causes a deterioration in the ability to restore shape, workability and ductility of the alloy. Therefore, the chromium content should be limited to 5.0-20.0 wt.%.
    Silicon reduces the energy of austenite packing defects and improves heat resistance increases the yield strength of austenite. However, with a silicon content below 2.0% by weight, the desired effect is not achieved. On the other hand, when the silicon content exceeds 8.0 wt.%, The ductility of the alloy seriously decreases and the processing ability in the hot and cold state significantly deteriorates. Therefore, the silicon content should be limited to the range from 2.0 to 8.0 wt.%.
    According to the invention, chromium and silicon are added to the alloy, which are ferrite-forming elements, and in addition at least one of the following elements is added to the alloy: manganese, nickel,
    cobalt, copper and nitrogen, which are austenitic-forming elements, so that the initial phase of the alloy before plastic deformation contains only austenite or mainly austenite and a small amount of k-martensite
    Manganese is a strong element that forms austenite and has the function of making the initial phase of the alloy before plastic deformation is applied to
    an alloy consisting solely of austenite and mainly austenite and a small amount of k-martensite. However, when the manganese content is below 0.1% by weight, the desired effect indicated is not achieved. WITH
    On the other hand, when the manganese content exceeds 14.8 wt.%, the corrosion resistance and heat resistance deteriorate. Therefore, the content of manganese should be limited to 0.1-14.8 wt.%.
    The effect of manganese content on elongation upon failure in an iron-based alloy capable of regaining shape was investigated by means of the following tensile test. Content
    manganese in excess of 14.8 wt.% results in low elongation upon destruction of the alloy as a result of d-phase formation.
    Nickel is a strong element that forms austenite and has the function of making the initial phase of the alloy before plastic deformation, containing exclusively austenite and mainly austenite and a small amount of f-martensite. However, with nickel below
    0.1 May.% The desired effect cannot be achieved. On the other hand, when the nickel content is above 20.0 wt.%, The turning point to -martensite (hereinafter referred to as the MS point) is shifted mainly in
    the side of the low temperature zone and the temperature at which plastic deformation is applied to the alloy becomes very low, therefore the nickel content should be limited to 0.1–20.0 wt.%,
    Cobalt is an austenitic element and has the function of making the initial phase of the alloy prior to the application of plastic deformation, exclusively consisting of austenite or mainly austenite in a small amount of E-martensite. In addition, cobalt does not reduce the MS point, while manganese, nickel, cobalt and nitrogen reduce the MS point. Therefore, cobalt is a very effective element for controlling the MS point in the desired temperature range. However, with a cobalt content below 0.1% by weight, the desired effect is not achieved. On the other hand, with a cobalt content of more than 30.0% by weight, no particular improvement of this effect is achieved. Therefore, the cobalt content should be limited to 0.1-30.0 wt.%.
    Copper is an austenitic element and has the function of making the initial phase of the alloy prior to the application of plastic deformation, exclusively consisting of austenite or mainly austenite and a small amount (- martensite. In addition, copper has the function to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. However, when the alloy content is below 0.1 wt.% the desired effect is not achieved. On the other hand, if the copper content exceeds 3.0 May, the formation of r-martensite is excluded. The reason is that copper increases the energy of packing defects austenite. Thus, the copper content should be limited to 0.1-3.0 wt.%
    Nitrogen is an austenitic element and has the function of making the initial phase of the alloy prior to the application of plastic deformation, exclusively consisting of austenite or mainly austenite and a small amount of f - martensite. In addition, nitrogen improves the corrosion resistance of the alloy and increases the yield strength of austenite. However, when the nitrogen content is below 0001 wt.%, The desired effect is not achieved. On the other hand, when the nitrogen content is above 0.400 wt.%, The formation of chromium and silicon nitrides is simplified and the ability to reduce the shape of the alloy is deteriorated. Therefore, the nitrogen content should be limited to the limit of 0.001-0.400 May%.
    The ratio of the total content of austenite-forming elements to the total content of ferrite-forming elements.
    It is necessary that the initial phase, prior to the application of plastic deformation of the alloy at a certain temperature, consists exclusively of austenite or mainly austenite and a small amount of м-martensite. Therefore, according to the present invention, the following formulas must be satisfied in addition to the mentioned limitations of the chemical composition of the proposed alloy:
    Ni + 0.5 Mp + 0.4 Co + 0.06 Cu + 0.002 N 0.67 (Cr + 1.2 Si) -3
    The ability of austenite-forming elements to form austenite is expressed as follows in terms of nickel equivalent: the equivalent of nickel is NI + +0.5 Mp + 0.4 Co + 0.06 Cu + 0.002 N.
    Nickel equivalent is an indicator of the ability to form austenite.
    The ability of ferrite-forming elements contained in the alloy to form ferrite is expressed as follows in terms of chromium equivalent: chromium equivalent of Cg + 1.2 Si. Equivalent chromium is an indicator of the ability to form ferrite.
    If this formula is satisfied, then the initial phase of the alloy, prior to the application of plastic deformation to the alloy at a certain temperature, can solely consist of austenite or mainly austenite and a small amount (-martensite
    The content of carbon, phosphorus and sulfur, which are impurities, should preferably be: up to 1% by weight of carbon. 0.1 May% phosphorus and 0.1% May sulfur
    Example The alloyed steels according to the present invention, with the chemical composition shown in Table 1, were melted in a melting furnace at atmospheric pressure or in vacuum, then cast into ingots. Then, the obtained ingots were heated to a temperature in the intervals of 1000–1250 ° C and rolled in a hot state to a thickness of 12 mm to prepare samples of the proposed alloyed steels and comparative samples.
    Thereafter, the property to restore the shape, corrosion resistance and heat resistance for each proposed sample of the proposed alloy and the sample of comparative alloys was determined by means of the tests described below.
    The results of these tests are presented in table 2
    The property of restoring shape was investigated by tensile testing, which consisted in the following: cut a sample in the form of a round bar with a diameter of 6 mm and a calculated length of 30 mm from each sample. A tensile strain of 4% was applied to each sample at the temperature given in Table 2, then the sample was heated to a certain temperature above the point Af and close to the point Af, then the calculated length of each sample was measured
    after applying tensile force and heating, and calculating the degree of shape recovery based on the result of measuring the calculated length to estimate the properties of the alloy to restore shape for each sample. The result of the tensile test is also shown in Table. 2
    The degree of recovery form was calculated according to the following formula:
    The degree of recovery form,% Li-L2
    Li-Lo
    x 100
    where Lo is the initial design length of the sample;
    Li is the calculated length of the sample after the application of tensile force,
    L2 - estimated length after heating
    To determine the corrosion resistance of each sample, an air test was applied for a year. After the test was completed, rust was assessed by visual inspection of each sample.
    The result of this test is also shown in Table 2.
    The criteria for evaluating the occurrence of rust were the following: O - no rust was observed, o - rust was observed to some extent, x - serious rust was noted.
    Heat resistance was investigated by testing for high-temperature oxidation, which consists in heating each sample to 6QO ° C in the open air, and visually monitoring the oxidation state of the surface of each sample after heating to assess the resistance of each sample to oxidation at high temperatures.
    The criteria for assessing the oxidation state are as follows: O - oxidation was not observed,
    o — oxidation to some extent; x — severe oxidation noted.
    As described, an iron-based alloy capable of regaining shape, corrosion resistance and heat resistance,
    can be used to connect pipes, various fasteners, etc., as well as a biomaterial, and it can reduce production costs and, therefore, produce effects that are useful for industry.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Claims Alloy based on shape memory iron containing silicon and chromium, characterized in that. in order to increase corrosion resistance and heat resistance while maintaining the level of recoverable deformation of at least 70%. the alloy additionally contains at least one component from the group: manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper and nitrogen in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Chromium5.3-20.0
    Silicon2,4-7,6
    At least one element from the group Manganese 0.1-14.8
    Nickel1.1-20.0
    Cobalt1.0-30.0
    Copper 0.6-2.8
    Nitro0.002-0,378
    IronErest
    moreover, Ni + 0.5 Mn + 0.4 Co + 0.06 Cu + + 0.002 N 0.67 (Cr -1 1.2 Si) - 3.
    Si
    61
    76 2 8 5.8 6 1 5.8 2.4 6.2 2 7 5.9 58 5.9 4.0 5 7
    Table 1
     20.0
    l. 1L,
    "" .,one
    0.005 0005
    Note. The criteria for assessing the property of restoring form were the following indicators: O — degree of recovery: forms at least 70%; o - degree of reduction, form from 30 to below 70%. x is the degree of reduction of the form below 30%.
    table 2
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US4933027A|1990-06-12|
    EP0336175B1|1992-07-29|
    CA1323511C|1993-10-26|
    EP0336175A1|1989-10-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR1517767A|1965-09-27|1968-03-22|Crucible Steel Co America|Ferritic stainless steels|
    US3873306A|1973-07-20|1975-03-25|Bethlehem Steel Corp|Ferritic alloy with high temperature strength containing dispersed intermetallic TiSi|
    JPS6133898B2|1978-11-29|1986-08-05|Nippon Steel Corp|
    JPS5843472A|1981-09-08|1983-03-14|Canon Inc|Image forming apparatus|
    JPS5970751A|1982-10-14|1984-04-21|Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd|Superconductive material|
    JPS5983744A|1982-11-04|1984-05-15|Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd|Shape memory alloy|
    EP0176272B1|1984-09-07|1989-10-25|Nippon Steel Corporation|Shape memory alloy and method for producing the same|
    JPH044391B2|1985-03-01|1992-01-28|JPH0382741A|1989-08-25|1991-04-08|Nisshin Steel Co Ltd|Shape memory staiinless steel excellent in stress corrosion cracking resistance and shape memory method therefor|
    JP2634299B2|1990-05-23|1997-07-23|三菱重工業株式会社|Pd-added stainless steel for high temperature, high concentration sulfuric acid|
    DE4029492A1|1990-09-18|1992-03-19|Borchmann Michael|Orthopaedic teeth movement$ -uses alloy wire with shape memory characteristics and heated where bent|
    US5244513A|1991-03-29|1993-09-14|Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha|Fe-cr-ni-si shape memory alloys with excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance|
    DE4118437C2|1991-06-05|1993-07-22|I.P. Bardin Central Research Institute For Iron And Steel Industry, Moskau/Moskva, Ru|
    US5340534A|1992-08-24|1994-08-23|Crs Holdings, Inc.|Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel with improved galling resistance|
    EP0641868B1|1993-09-03|1998-05-27|Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.|A nonmagnetic ferrous alloy with excellent corrosion resistance and workability|
    JP2000501778A|1995-07-11|2000-02-15|ウラコ，カリ，マーティ|Nitrogen-containing iron-based shape memory and vibration damping alloy|
    FI982407A0|1998-03-03|1998-11-06|Adaptamat Tech Oy|Controls and devices|
    US6162306A|1997-11-04|2000-12-19|Kawasaki Steel Corporation|Electromagnetic steel sheet having excellent high-frequency magnetic properities and method|
    CN1062060C|1997-12-31|2001-02-14|天津大学国家教委形状记忆材料工程研究中心|Shape-memory stainless steel joint for pipeline|
    WO2006076220A2|2005-01-10|2006-07-20|Swagelok Company|Carburization of ferrous-based shape memory alloys|
    JP4692289B2|2006-01-11|2011-06-01|住友金属工業株式会社|Metal material with excellent metal dusting resistance|
    WO2008045081A1|2006-10-12|2008-04-17|United Technologies Corporation|Variable fan nozzle using shape memory material|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP8349488|1988-04-05|
    CA000591580A|CA1323511C|1988-04-05|1989-02-21|Iron-based shape-memory alloy excellent in shape-memory property, corrosion resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance|
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